----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- | -- Module : Text.PrettyPrint.Leijen -- Copyright : Daan Leijen (c) 2000, http://www.cs.uu.nl/~daan -- License : BSD-style (see the file LICENSE) -- -- Maintainer : otakar.smrz cmu.edu -- Stability : provisional -- Portability : portable -- -- Pretty print module based on Philip Wadler's \"prettier printer\" -- -- @ -- \"A prettier printer\" -- Draft paper, April 1997, revised March 1998. -- -- @ -- -- PPrint is an implementation of the pretty printing combinators -- described by Philip Wadler (1997). In their bare essence, the -- combinators of Wadler are not expressive enough to describe some -- commonly occurring layouts. The PPrint library adds new primitives -- to describe these layouts and works well in practice. -- -- The library is based on a single way to concatenate documents, -- which is associative and has both a left and right unit. This -- simple design leads to an efficient and short implementation. The -- simplicity is reflected in the predictable behaviour of the -- combinators which make them easy to use in practice. -- -- A thorough description of the primitive combinators and their -- implementation can be found in Philip Wadler's paper -- (1997). Additions and the main differences with his original paper -- are: -- -- * The nil document is called empty. -- -- * The above combinator is called '<$>'. The operator '' is used -- for soft line breaks. -- -- * There are three new primitives: 'align', 'fill' and -- 'fillBreak'. These are very useful in practice. -- -- * Lots of other useful combinators, like 'fillSep' and 'list'. -- -- * There are two renderers, 'renderPretty' for pretty printing and -- 'renderCompact' for compact output. The pretty printing algorithm -- also uses a ribbon-width now for even prettier output. -- -- * There are two displayers, 'displayS' for strings and 'displayIO' for -- file based output. -- -- * There is a 'Pretty' class. -- -- * The implementation uses optimised representations and strictness -- annotations. -- -- Full documentation available at . ----------------------------------------------------------- module Text.PrettyPrint.Leijen ( -- * Documents Doc, putDoc, hPutDoc, -- * Basic combinators empty, char, text, (<>), nest, line, linebreak, group, softline, softbreak, -- * Alignment -- -- The combinators in this section can not be described by Wadler's -- original combinators. They align their output relative to the -- current output position - in contrast to @nest@ which always -- aligns to the current nesting level. This deprives these -- combinators from being \`optimal\'. In practice however they -- prove to be very useful. The combinators in this section should -- be used with care, since they are more expensive than the other -- combinators. For example, @align@ shouldn't be used to pretty -- print all top-level declarations of a language, but using @hang@ -- for let expressions is fine. align, hang, indent, encloseSep, list, tupled, semiBraces, -- * Operators (<+>), (<$>), (), (<$$>), (), -- * List combinators hsep, vsep, fillSep, sep, hcat, vcat, fillCat, cat, punctuate, -- * Fillers fill, fillBreak, -- * Bracketing combinators enclose, squotes, dquotes, parens, angles, braces, brackets, -- * Character documents lparen, rparen, langle, rangle, lbrace, rbrace, lbracket, rbracket, squote, dquote, semi, colon, comma, space, dot, backslash, equals, -- * Primitive type documents string, int, integer, float, double, rational, -- * Pretty class Pretty(..), -- * Rendering SimpleDoc(..), renderPretty, renderCompact, displayS, displayIO -- * Undocumented , bool , column, nesting, width ) where import System.IO (Handle,hPutStr,hPutChar,stdout) infixr 5 ,,<$>,<$$> infixr 6 <>,<+> ----------------------------------------------------------- -- list, tupled and semiBraces pretty print a list of -- documents either horizontally or vertically aligned. ----------------------------------------------------------- -- | The document @(list xs)@ comma separates the documents @xs@ and -- encloses them in square brackets. The documents are rendered -- horizontally if that fits the page. Otherwise they are aligned -- vertically. All comma separators are put in front of the elements. list :: [Doc] -> Doc list = encloseSep lbracket rbracket comma -- | The document @(tupled xs)@ comma separates the documents @xs@ and -- encloses them in parenthesis. The documents are rendered -- horizontally if that fits the page. Otherwise they are aligned -- vertically. All comma separators are put in front of the elements. tupled :: [Doc] -> Doc tupled = encloseSep lparen rparen comma -- | The document @(semiBraces xs)@ separates the documents @xs@ with -- semi colons and encloses them in braces. The documents are rendered -- horizontally if that fits the page. Otherwise they are aligned -- vertically. All semi colons are put in front of the elements. semiBraces :: [Doc] -> Doc semiBraces = encloseSep lbrace rbrace semi -- | The document @(encloseSep l r sep xs)@ concatenates the documents -- @xs@ separated by @sep@ and encloses the resulting document by @l@ -- and @r@. The documents are rendered horizontally if that fits the -- page. Otherwise they are aligned vertically. All separators are put -- in front of the elements. For example, the combinator 'list' can be -- defined with @encloseSep@: -- -- > list xs = encloseSep lbracket rbracket comma xs -- > test = text "list" <+> (list (map int [10,200,3000])) -- -- Which is layed out with a page width of 20 as: -- -- @ -- list [10,200,3000] -- @ -- -- But when the page width is 15, it is layed out as: -- -- @ -- list [10 -- ,200 -- ,3000] -- @ encloseSep :: Doc -> Doc -> Doc -> [Doc] -> Doc encloseSep left right sep ds = case ds of [] -> left <> right [d] -> left <> d <> right _ -> align (cat (zipWith (<>) (left : repeat sep) ds) <> right) ----------------------------------------------------------- -- punctuate p [d1,d2,...,dn] => [d1 <> p,d2 <> p, ... ,dn] ----------------------------------------------------------- -- | @(punctuate p xs)@ concatenates all documents in @xs@ with -- document @p@ except for the last document. -- -- > someText = map text ["words","in","a","tuple"] -- > test = parens (align (cat (punctuate comma someText))) -- -- This is layed out on a page width of 20 as: -- -- @ -- (words,in,a,tuple) -- @ -- -- But when the page width is 15, it is layed out as: -- -- @ -- (words, -- in, -- a, -- tuple) -- @ -- -- (If you want put the commas in front of their elements instead of -- at the end, you should use 'tupled' or, in general, 'encloseSep'.) punctuate :: Doc -> [Doc] -> [Doc] punctuate p [] = [] punctuate p [d] = [d] punctuate p (d:ds) = (d <> p) : punctuate p ds ----------------------------------------------------------- -- high-level combinators ----------------------------------------------------------- -- | The document @(sep xs)@ concatenates all documents @xs@ either -- horizontally with @(\<+\>)@, if it fits the page, or vertically with -- @(\<$\>)@. -- -- > sep xs = group (vsep xs) sep :: [Doc] -> Doc sep = group . vsep -- | The document @(fillSep xs)@ concatenates documents @xs@ -- horizontally with @(\<+\>)@ as long as its fits the page, than -- inserts a @line@ and continues doing that for all documents in -- @xs@. -- -- > fillSep xs = foldr (\<\/\>) empty xs fillSep :: [Doc] -> Doc fillSep = fold () -- | The document @(hsep xs)@ concatenates all documents @xs@ -- horizontally with @(\<+\>)@. hsep :: [Doc] -> Doc hsep = fold (<+>) -- | The document @(vsep xs)@ concatenates all documents @xs@ -- vertically with @(\<$\>)@. If a 'group' undoes the line breaks -- inserted by @vsep@, all documents are separated with a space. -- -- > someText = map text (words ("text to lay out")) -- > -- > test = text "some" <+> vsep someText -- -- This is layed out as: -- -- @ -- some text -- to -- lay -- out -- @ -- -- The 'align' combinator can be used to align the documents under -- their first element -- -- > test = text "some" <+> align (vsep someText) -- -- Which is printed as: -- -- @ -- some text -- to -- lay -- out -- @ vsep :: [Doc] -> Doc vsep = fold (<$>) -- | The document @(cat xs)@ concatenates all documents @xs@ either -- horizontally with @(\<\>)@, if it fits the page, or vertically with -- @(\<$$\>)@. -- -- > cat xs = group (vcat xs) cat :: [Doc] -> Doc cat = group . vcat -- | The document @(fillCat xs)@ concatenates documents @xs@ -- horizontally with @(\<\>)@ as long as its fits the page, than inserts -- a @linebreak@ and continues doing that for all documents in @xs@. -- -- > fillCat xs = foldr (\<\/\/\>) empty xs fillCat :: [Doc] -> Doc fillCat = fold () -- | The document @(hcat xs)@ concatenates all documents @xs@ -- horizontally with @(\<\>)@. hcat :: [Doc] -> Doc hcat = fold (<>) -- | The document @(vcat xs)@ concatenates all documents @xs@ -- vertically with @(\<$$\>)@. If a 'group' undoes the line breaks -- inserted by @vcat@, all documents are directly concatenated. vcat :: [Doc] -> Doc vcat = fold (<$$>) fold f [] = empty fold f ds = foldr1 f ds -- | The document @(x \<\> y)@ concatenates document @x@ and document -- @y@. It is an associative operation having 'empty' as a left and -- right unit. (infixr 6) (<>) :: Doc -> Doc -> Doc x <> y = x `beside` y -- | The document @(x \<+\> y)@ concatenates document @x@ and @y@ with a -- @space@ in between. (infixr 6) (<+>) :: Doc -> Doc -> Doc x <+> y = x <> space <> y -- | The document @(x \<\/\> y)@ concatenates document @x@ and @y@ with a -- 'softline' in between. This effectively puts @x@ and @y@ either -- next to each other (with a @space@ in between) or underneath each -- other. (infixr 5) () :: Doc -> Doc -> Doc x y = x <> softline <> y -- | The document @(x \<\/\/\> y)@ concatenates document @x@ and @y@ with -- a 'softbreak' in between. This effectively puts @x@ and @y@ either -- right next to each other or underneath each other. (infixr 5) () :: Doc -> Doc -> Doc x y = x <> softbreak <> y -- | The document @(x \<$\> y)@ concatenates document @x@ and @y@ with a -- 'line' in between. (infixr 5) (<$>) :: Doc -> Doc -> Doc x <$> y = x <> line <> y -- | The document @(x \<$$\> y)@ concatenates document @x@ and @y@ with -- a @linebreak@ in between. (infixr 5) (<$$>) :: Doc -> Doc -> Doc x <$$> y = x <> linebreak <> y -- | The document @softline@ behaves like 'space' if the resulting -- output fits the page, otherwise it behaves like 'line'. -- -- > softline = group line softline :: Doc softline = group line -- | The document @softbreak@ behaves like 'empty' if the resulting -- output fits the page, otherwise it behaves like 'line'. -- -- > softbreak = group linebreak softbreak :: Doc softbreak = group linebreak -- | Document @(squotes x)@ encloses document @x@ with single quotes -- \"'\". squotes :: Doc -> Doc squotes = enclose squote squote -- | Document @(dquotes x)@ encloses document @x@ with double quotes -- '\"'. dquotes :: Doc -> Doc dquotes = enclose dquote dquote -- | Document @(braces x)@ encloses document @x@ in braces, \"{\" and -- \"}\". braces :: Doc -> Doc braces = enclose lbrace rbrace -- | Document @(parens x)@ encloses document @x@ in parenthesis, \"(\" -- and \")\". parens :: Doc -> Doc parens = enclose lparen rparen -- | Document @(angles x)@ encloses document @x@ in angles, \"\<\" and -- \"\>\". angles :: Doc -> Doc angles = enclose langle rangle -- | Document @(brackets x)@ encloses document @x@ in square brackets, -- \"[\" and \"]\". brackets :: Doc -> Doc brackets = enclose lbracket rbracket -- | The document @(enclose l r x)@ encloses document @x@ between -- documents @l@ and @r@ using @(\<\>)@. -- -- > enclose l r x = l <> x <> r enclose :: Doc -> Doc -> Doc -> Doc enclose l r x = l <> x <> r -- | The document @lparen@ contains a left parenthesis, \"(\". lparen :: Doc lparen = char '(' -- | The document @rparen@ contains a right parenthesis, \")\". rparen :: Doc rparen = char ')' -- | The document @langle@ contains a left angle, \"\<\". langle :: Doc langle = char '<' -- | The document @rangle@ contains a right angle, \">\". rangle :: Doc rangle = char '>' -- | The document @lbrace@ contains a left brace, \"{\". lbrace :: Doc lbrace = char '{' -- | The document @rbrace@ contains a right brace, \"}\". rbrace :: Doc rbrace = char '}' -- | The document @lbracket@ contains a left square bracket, \"[\". lbracket :: Doc lbracket = char '[' -- | The document @rbracket@ contains a right square bracket, \"]\". rbracket :: Doc rbracket = char ']' -- | The document @squote@ contains a single quote, \"'\". squote :: Doc squote = char '\'' -- | The document @dquote@ contains a double quote, '\"'. dquote :: Doc dquote = char '"' -- | The document @semi@ contains a semi colon, \";\". semi :: Doc semi = char ';' -- | The document @colon@ contains a colon, \":\". colon :: Doc colon = char ':' -- | The document @comma@ contains a comma, \",\". comma :: Doc comma = char ',' -- | The document @space@ contains a single space, \" \". -- -- > x <+> y = x <> space <> y space :: Doc space = char ' ' -- | The document @dot@ contains a single dot, \".\". dot :: Doc dot = char '.' -- | The document @backslash@ contains a back slash, \"\\\". backslash :: Doc backslash = char '\\' -- | The document @equals@ contains an equal sign, \"=\". equals :: Doc equals = char '=' ----------------------------------------------------------- -- Combinators for prelude types ----------------------------------------------------------- -- string is like "text" but replaces '\n' by "line" -- | The document @(string s)@ concatenates all characters in @s@ -- using @line@ for newline characters and @char@ for all other -- characters. It is used instead of 'text' whenever the text contains -- newline characters. string :: String -> Doc string "" = empty string ('\n':s) = line <> string s string s = case (span (/='\n') s) of (xs,ys) -> text xs <> string ys bool :: Bool -> Doc bool b = text (show b) -- | The document @(int i)@ shows the literal integer @i@ using -- 'text'. int :: Int -> Doc int i = text (show i) -- | The document @(integer i)@ shows the literal integer @i@ using -- 'text'. integer :: Integer -> Doc integer i = text (show i) -- | The document @(float f)@ shows the literal float @f@ using -- 'text'. float :: Float -> Doc float f = text (show f) -- | The document @(double d)@ shows the literal double @d@ using -- 'text'. double :: Double -> Doc double d = text (show d) -- | The document @(rational r)@ shows the literal rational @r@ using -- 'text'. rational :: Rational -> Doc rational r = text (show r) ----------------------------------------------------------- -- overloading "pretty" ----------------------------------------------------------- -- | The member @prettyList@ is only used to define the @instance Pretty -- a => Pretty [a]@. In normal circumstances only the @pretty@ function -- is used. class Pretty a where pretty :: a -> Doc prettyList :: [a] -> Doc prettyList = list . map pretty instance Pretty a => Pretty [a] where pretty = prettyList instance Pretty Doc where pretty = id instance Pretty () where pretty () = text "()" instance Pretty Bool where pretty b = bool b instance Pretty Char where pretty c = char c prettyList s = string s instance Pretty Int where pretty i = int i instance Pretty Integer where pretty i = integer i instance Pretty Float where pretty f = float f instance Pretty Double where pretty d = double d --instance Pretty Rational where -- pretty r = rational r instance (Pretty a,Pretty b) => Pretty (a,b) where pretty (x,y) = tupled [pretty x, pretty y] instance (Pretty a,Pretty b,Pretty c) => Pretty (a,b,c) where pretty (x,y,z)= tupled [pretty x, pretty y, pretty z] instance Pretty a => Pretty (Maybe a) where pretty Nothing = empty pretty (Just x) = pretty x ----------------------------------------------------------- -- semi primitive: fill and fillBreak ----------------------------------------------------------- -- | The document @(fillBreak i x)@ first renders document @x@. It -- than appends @space@s until the width is equal to @i@. If the -- width of @x@ is already larger than @i@, the nesting level is -- increased by @i@ and a @line@ is appended. When we redefine @ptype@ -- in the previous example to use @fillBreak@, we get a useful -- variation of the previous output: -- -- > ptype (name,tp) -- > = fillBreak 6 (text name) <+> text "::" <+> text tp -- -- The output will now be: -- -- @ -- let empty :: Doc -- nest :: Int -> Doc -> Doc -- linebreak -- :: Doc -- @ fillBreak :: Int -> Doc -> Doc fillBreak f x = width x (\w -> if (w > f) then nest f linebreak else text (spaces (f - w))) -- | The document @(fill i x)@ renders document @x@. It than appends -- @space@s until the width is equal to @i@. If the width of @x@ is -- already larger, nothing is appended. This combinator is quite -- useful in practice to output a list of bindings. The following -- example demonstrates this. -- -- > types = [("empty","Doc") -- > ,("nest","Int -> Doc -> Doc") -- > ,("linebreak","Doc")] -- > -- > ptype (name,tp) -- > = fill 6 (text name) <+> text "::" <+> text tp -- > -- > test = text "let" <+> align (vcat (map ptype types)) -- -- Which is layed out as: -- -- @ -- let empty :: Doc -- nest :: Int -> Doc -> Doc -- linebreak :: Doc -- @ fill :: Int -> Doc -> Doc fill f d = width d (\w -> if (w >= f) then empty else text (spaces (f - w))) width :: Doc -> (Int -> Doc) -> Doc width d f = column (\k1 -> d <> column (\k2 -> f (k2 - k1))) ----------------------------------------------------------- -- semi primitive: Alignment and indentation ----------------------------------------------------------- -- | The document @(indent i x)@ indents document @x@ with @i@ spaces. -- -- > test = indent 4 (fillSep (map text -- > (words "the indent combinator indents these words !"))) -- -- Which lays out with a page width of 20 as: -- -- @ -- the indent -- combinator -- indents these -- words ! -- @ indent :: Int -> Doc -> Doc indent i d = hang i (text (spaces i) <> d) -- | The hang combinator implements hanging indentation. The document -- @(hang i x)@ renders document @x@ with a nesting level set to the -- current column plus @i@. The following example uses hanging -- indentation for some text: -- -- > test = hang 4 (fillSep (map text -- > (words "the hang combinator indents these words !"))) -- -- Which lays out on a page with a width of 20 characters as: -- -- @ -- the hang combinator -- indents these -- words ! -- @ -- -- The @hang@ combinator is implemented as: -- -- > hang i x = align (nest i x) hang :: Int -> Doc -> Doc hang i d = align (nest i d) -- | The document @(align x)@ renders document @x@ with the nesting -- level set to the current column. It is used for example to -- implement 'hang'. -- -- As an example, we will put a document right above another one, -- regardless of the current nesting level: -- -- > x $$ y = align (x <$> y) -- -- > test = text "hi" <+> (text "nice" $$ text "world") -- -- which will be layed out as: -- -- @ -- hi nice -- world -- @ align :: Doc -> Doc align d = column (\k -> nesting (\i -> nest (k - i) d)) --nesting might be negative :-) ----------------------------------------------------------- -- Primitives ----------------------------------------------------------- -- | The abstract data type @Doc@ represents pretty documents. -- -- @Doc@ is an instance of the 'Show' class. @(show doc)@ pretty -- prints document @doc@ with a page width of 100 characters and a -- ribbon width of 40 characters. -- -- > show (text "hello" <$> text "world") -- -- Which would return the string \"hello\\nworld\", i.e. -- -- @ -- hello -- world -- @ data Doc = Empty | Char Char -- invariant: char is not '\n' | Text !Int String -- invariant: text doesn't contain '\n' | Line !Bool -- True <=> when undone by group, do not insert a space | Cat Doc Doc | Nest !Int Doc | Union Doc Doc -- invariant: first lines of first doc longer than the first lines of the second doc | Column (Int -> Doc) | Nesting (Int -> Doc) -- | The data type @SimpleDoc@ represents rendered documents and is -- used by the display functions. -- -- The @Int@ in @SText@ contains the length of the string. The @Int@ -- in @SLine@ contains the indentation for that line. The library -- provides two default display functions 'displayS' and -- 'displayIO'. You can provide your own display function by writing a -- function from a @SimpleDoc@ to your own output format. data SimpleDoc = SEmpty | SChar Char SimpleDoc | SText !Int String SimpleDoc | SLine !Int SimpleDoc -- | The empty document is, indeed, empty. Although @empty@ has no -- content, it does have a \'height\' of 1 and behaves exactly like -- @(text \"\")@ (and is therefore not a unit of @\<$\>@). empty :: Doc empty = Empty -- | The document @(char c)@ contains the literal character @c@. The -- character shouldn't be a newline (@'\n'@), the function 'line' -- should be used for line breaks. char :: Char -> Doc char '\n' = line char c = Char c -- | The document @(text s)@ contains the literal string @s@. The -- string shouldn't contain any newline (@'\n'@) characters. If the -- string contains newline characters, the function 'string' should be -- used. text :: String -> Doc text "" = Empty text s = Text (length s) s -- | The @line@ document advances to the next line and indents to the -- current nesting level. Document @line@ behaves like @(text \" \")@ -- if the line break is undone by 'group'. line :: Doc line = Line False -- | The @linebreak@ document advances to the next line and indents to -- the current nesting level. Document @linebreak@ behaves like -- 'empty' if the line break is undone by 'group'. linebreak :: Doc linebreak = Line True beside x y = Cat x y -- | The document @(nest i x)@ renders document @x@ with the current -- indentation level increased by i (See also 'hang', 'align' and -- 'indent'). -- -- > nest 2 (text "hello" <$> text "world") <$> text "!" -- -- outputs as: -- -- @ -- hello -- world -- ! -- @ nest :: Int -> Doc -> Doc nest i x = Nest i x column, nesting :: (Int -> Doc) -> Doc column f = Column f nesting f = Nesting f -- | The @group@ combinator is used to specify alternative -- layouts. The document @(group x)@ undoes all line breaks in -- document @x@. The resulting line is added to the current line if -- that fits the page. Otherwise, the document @x@ is rendered without -- any changes. group :: Doc -> Doc group x = Union (flatten x) x flatten :: Doc -> Doc flatten (Cat x y) = Cat (flatten x) (flatten y) flatten (Nest i x) = Nest i (flatten x) flatten (Line break) = if break then Empty else Text 1 " " flatten (Union x y) = flatten x flatten (Column f) = Column (flatten . f) flatten (Nesting f) = Nesting (flatten . f) flatten other = other --Empty,Char,Text ----------------------------------------------------------- -- Renderers ----------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- -- renderPretty: the default pretty printing algorithm ----------------------------------------------------------- -- list of indentation/document pairs; saves an indirection over [(Int,Doc)] data Docs = Nil | Cons !Int Doc Docs -- | This is the default pretty printer which is used by 'show', -- 'putDoc' and 'hPutDoc'. @(renderPretty ribbonfrac width x)@ renders -- document @x@ with a page width of @width@ and a ribbon width of -- @(ribbonfrac * width)@ characters. The ribbon width is the maximal -- amount of non-indentation characters on a line. The parameter -- @ribbonfrac@ should be between @0.0@ and @1.0@. If it is lower or -- higher, the ribbon width will be 0 or @width@ respectively. renderPretty :: Float -> Int -> Doc -> SimpleDoc renderPretty rfrac w x = best 0 0 (Cons 0 x Nil) where -- r :: the ribbon width in characters r = max 0 (min w (round (fromIntegral w * rfrac))) -- best :: n = indentation of current line -- k = current column -- (ie. (k >= n) && (k - n == count of inserted characters) best n k Nil = SEmpty best n k (Cons i d ds) = case d of Empty -> best n k ds Char c -> let k' = k+1 in seq k' (SChar c (best n k' ds)) Text l s -> let k' = k+l in seq k' (SText l s (best n k' ds)) Line _ -> SLine i (best i i ds) Cat x y -> best n k (Cons i x (Cons i y ds)) Nest j x -> let i' = i+j in seq i' (best n k (Cons i' x ds)) Union x y -> nicest n k (best n k (Cons i x ds)) (best n k (Cons i y ds)) Column f -> best n k (Cons i (f k) ds) Nesting f -> best n k (Cons i (f i) ds) --nicest :: r = ribbon width, w = page width, -- n = indentation of current line, k = current column -- x and y, the (simple) documents to chose from. -- precondition: first lines of x are longer than the first lines of y. nicest n k x y | fits width x = x | otherwise = y where width = min (w - k) (r - k + n) fits w x | w < 0 = False fits w SEmpty = True fits w (SChar c x) = fits (w - 1) x fits w (SText l s x) = fits (w - l) x fits w (SLine i x) = True ----------------------------------------------------------- -- renderCompact: renders documents without indentation -- fast and fewer characters output, good for machines ----------------------------------------------------------- -- | @(renderCompact x)@ renders document @x@ without adding any -- indentation. Since no \'pretty\' printing is involved, this -- renderer is very fast. The resulting output contains fewer -- characters than a pretty printed version and can be used for output -- that is read by other programs. renderCompact :: Doc -> SimpleDoc renderCompact x = scan 0 [x] where scan k [] = SEmpty scan k (d:ds) = case d of Empty -> scan k ds Char c -> let k' = k+1 in seq k' (SChar c (scan k' ds)) Text l s -> let k' = k+l in seq k' (SText l s (scan k' ds)) Line _ -> SLine 0 (scan 0 ds) Cat x y -> scan k (x:y:ds) Nest j x -> scan k (x:ds) Union x y -> scan k (y:ds) Column f -> scan k (f k:ds) Nesting f -> scan k (f 0:ds) ----------------------------------------------------------- -- Displayers: displayS and displayIO ----------------------------------------------------------- -- | @(displayS simpleDoc)@ takes the output @simpleDoc@ from a -- rendering function and transforms it to a 'ShowS' type (for use in -- the 'Show' class). -- -- > showWidth :: Int -> Doc -> String -- > showWidth w x = displayS (renderPretty 0.4 w x) "" displayS :: SimpleDoc -> ShowS displayS SEmpty = id displayS (SChar c x) = showChar c . displayS x displayS (SText l s x) = showString s . displayS x displayS (SLine i x) = showString ('\n':indentation i) . displayS x -- | @(displayIO handle simpleDoc)@ writes @simpleDoc@ to the file -- handle @handle@. This function is used for example by 'hPutDoc': -- -- > hPutDoc handle doc = displayIO handle (renderPretty 0.4 100 doc) displayIO :: Handle -> SimpleDoc -> IO () displayIO handle simpleDoc = display simpleDoc where display SEmpty = return () display (SChar c x) = do{ hPutChar handle c; display x} display (SText l s x) = do{ hPutStr handle s; display x} display (SLine i x) = do{ hPutStr handle ('\n':indentation i); display x} ----------------------------------------------------------- -- default pretty printers: show, putDoc and hPutDoc ----------------------------------------------------------- instance Show Doc where showsPrec d doc = displayS (renderPretty 0.4 80 doc) -- | The action @(putDoc doc)@ pretty prints document @doc@ to the -- standard output, with a page width of 100 characters and a ribbon -- width of 40 characters. -- -- > main :: IO () -- > main = do{ putDoc (text "hello" <+> text "world") } -- -- Which would output -- -- @ -- hello world -- @ putDoc :: Doc -> IO () putDoc doc = hPutDoc stdout doc -- | @(hPutDoc handle doc)@ pretty prints document @doc@ to the file -- handle @handle@ with a page width of 100 characters and a ribbon -- width of 40 characters. -- -- > main = do{ handle <- openFile "MyFile" WriteMode -- > ; hPutDoc handle (vcat (map text -- > ["vertical","text"])) -- > ; hClose handle -- > } hPutDoc :: Handle -> Doc -> IO () hPutDoc handle doc = displayIO handle (renderPretty 0.4 80 doc) ----------------------------------------------------------- -- insert spaces -- "indentation" used to insert tabs but tabs seem to cause -- more trouble than they solve :-) ----------------------------------------------------------- spaces n | n <= 0 = "" | otherwise = replicate n ' ' indentation n = spaces n --indentation n | n >= 8 = '\t' : indentation (n-8) -- | otherwise = spaces n -- LocalWords: PPrint combinators Wadler Wadler's encloseSep